Artificial blood ‘will be manufactured in factories’

Wellcome Trust-funded stem cell research has produced red blood cells fit for transfusion into humans, paving the way for the mass production of blood

It is the stuff of gothic science fiction: men in white coats in factories of blood and bones.

But the production of blood on an industrial scale could become a reality once a trial is conducted in which artificial blood made from human stem cells is tested in patients for the first time.

It is the latest breakthrough in scientists’ efforts to re-engineer the body, which have already resulted in the likes of 3d-printed bones and bionic limbs.

 

More at the Telegraph

 

Scientists 3D Print a ‘Tumor’ of Cancer Cells

Using 3D printing, researchers have made a tumor-like lump of cancer cells in the lab, and they say this lump shows a greater resemblance to natural cancer than do the two-dimensional cultured cells grown in a lab dish.

This more realistic representation of a tumor could aid studies on cancer and drug treatments, the researchers said.

 

Mashable

Yale researchers reconstruct facial images locked in a viewer’s mind

Using only data from an fMRI scan, researchers led by a Yale University undergraduate have accurately reconstructed images of human faces as viewed by other people.

“It is a form of mind reading,” said Marvin Chun, professor of psychology, cognitive science and neurobiology and an author of the paper in the journal

 

Read full story at YaleNews

Key Osmotic Channel Protein Identified

A big piece of a long-standing puzzle—how cells maintain osmotic pressure via volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs)—appears to have been solved, as researchers reported in Cell today (April 10) having identified a key VRAC protein. Ardem Patapoutian of The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, and his colleagues found that this protein, which they’ve dubbed “SWELL1,” is a critical component of the osmotic channels that help keep cells from swelling until they explode.

 

Read in full at The Scientist

Living organ regeneration ‘first’ by gene manipulation

An elderly organ in a living animal has been regenerated into a youthful state for the first time, UK researchers say.

The thymus, which is critical for immune function, becomes smaller and less effective with age, making people more susceptible to infection.

A team at the University of Edinburgh managed to rejuvenate the organ in mice by manipulating DNA.

Experts said the study was likely to have “broad implications” for regenerative medicine.

 

Read full story at the BBC website

Overcoming Resistance In the face of bacterial threats that can evade modern medicines

In the face of bacterial threats that can evade modern medicines, researchers are trying every trick in the book to develop new, effective antibiotics.

Although researchers and drug developers have been sounding warnings for years about bacteria out-evolving medicine’s arsenal of antibiotics, the crisis is coming to a head. In the United States alone, some 23,000 people are killed each year by infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 2013 Threat Report. Many more patients die of other conditions complicated by infection with resistant pathogens. Such maladies cost the health-care system more than $20 billion annually, in part because patients suffering from drug-resistant infections require more than 8 million additional hospital days.

 

Read full article on The Scientist

Gut bacteria may encourage colon cancer by suppressing DNA repair

New research suggests some gut bacteria that cause gastric upsets may also create an ideal “incubating” environment for tumor development, by preventing routine mechanisms that repair damaged DNA.

Researchers from the Wistar Institute, a National Cancer Institute designated research center in Philadelphia, PA, presented their findings at the 2014 American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting in San Diego, CA.

Senior investigator Frank Rauscher, III, a professor in the Wistar Institute, says:

“There is a drastic, unmet need to look at new ways to define exactly how colon cancer forms in the gut and what triggers its progression into a lethal form. We suggest that some bacterial proteins can promote genetic changes that create conditions in the gut that would favor the progression of colon cancer.”

Read full story on MNT

Onshoring versus Offshoring; decisions, decisions

Offshoring is a term often heard within the CRO community from clients who seek to find the lowest cost provider for bioanalytical services. Rather than use the phrase “lowest cost” we would like to suggest it to be replaced by “highest overall return,” a phrase which encompasses the multiplicity of factors that need to be considered before making a decision. Let’s examine a typical scenario for a pharmaceutical or biotech company moving from pre-clinical to phase 1 in their drug development pipeline. Typically, at this stage they would need a bioanalytical assay to be developed as part of an FDA submission and would be conducting a small-scale clinical trial.

Initial contact occurs; either via the web, Assay Depot, social media or personal contact. We have found that the optimum methodology for scoping out the project and developing a proposal is to have direct contact between scientists, often with a phone call or Webex session. We cannot stress enough that having this call at the scientific level, and in a similar time zone, makes an enormous difference in project execution. We like to describe our interaction with clients as an ‘extension of your development team.’ This deep level of interaction and trust building enables a faster development and significantly reduces scope creep and misunderstandings.

Overall, the key project measurable is ROI: defined as a function

ROI=f(speed, communication, responsiveness,)2+f( regulatory, quality, technical expertise)

Taking these in turn, speed, communication, and responsiveness (SCR) have a greater multiplier in a successful and timely study completion than regulatory, quality, and technical expertise. The second set of parameters are a ‘given’ for any organization that operates in this space. If they do not have these qualities then they will not be in operation for long!

The key parameters, speed, communication, and responsiveness, significantly assist in driving ROI by enabling your team to keep to project deadlines. More importantly, knowing that the CRO team is acting as an extension of the internal team and that they can be relied upon to meet all of the project criteria without ‘hand holding’ and micromanagement provides enormous benefits in project management and team dynamics. We have found, on many occasions, that clients may focus on the technical and regulatory aspects first. However, after that poor experience working with organizations that don’t respond effectively or that need constant attention, they soon develop these metrics as part of their selection criteria for working with a bioanalytical CRO. Given that Regulatory Conformance, Quality Systems, and Technical Expertise are the essential requirements for a provider, the key decision-making criteria for an offshore vs. onshore partner decision can be represented in this table. Ranked from 1 to 10 with 10 being the most important:

 Attribute  Ranking   Score   Ranking*Score 
 Speed 7
 Communication 10
 Responsiveness 10
 Price 5

 

We have solid experience successfully managing projects for clients. Based on these successful collaborations, we would rank the key elements as being Communication and Responsiveness. Only after these two important attributes are considered, come Speed and then, finally, Price.

Pricing is often times considered a deal-breaker. However, we would prefer to look at the total cost including lost opportunity delays within your organization. We should also note that the onshoring vs. offshoring decision works both ways. If you are a domestic provider seeking clients overseas, make sure that you can accommodate all of your clients’ SCR needs. How do you fare with the following?

  • Can you hold meetings at your clients’ convenience in the early morning for Europe, while at night for clients in Asia?
  • Does your team respond to clients’ emails and questions 24/7?
  • Are your communications methods clear, concise, and do they look ahead to answer potential questions?

To conclude: after establishing that a service provider can meet all of your regulatory, quality, and technical requirements, the key elements you should focus on in making your decision to use an onshore or an offshore service provider should be: Speed, Communication, and Responsiveness.

In your experience, which metric is most important in an offshoring vs onshoring CRO decision? Chime in below with your thoughts – we look forward to hearing from you.

Fighting Cancer with Nanomedicine Nanotechnology-based therapeutics will revolutionize cancer treatment.

Short drug circulation times and difficulty localizing therapy to tumor sites are but two of the challenges associated with existing cancer treatments. More troubling are the issues of drug toxicity and tumor resistance. Toxicity can cause major complications, such as low white-blood-cell counts or heart fail­ure, that necessitate cessation of treatment. The tissue damage inflicted by some therapies can even be fatal. And evolution of drug resistance by tumors accounts for the vast majority of cases in which treatment fails. Given these and other issues associated with treatment safety and efficacy, scientists are applying tremendous effort toward the utilization of nanomedicine in the fight against cancer.

 

Read full story at The Scientist

Dieting monkeys offer hope for long life

Extreme calorie counting boosts lifespan in monkeys, according to new research.

Until now, the rationale for following an ultra-low calorie diet to ward off ageing has been based on experiments in worms and mice.

Studies reported in Nature Communications found primates also benefited from the regime.

 

Read full story at BBC News